Before 可當介系詞、副詞和連接詞用。在進入主題之前,必須再次強調一點:在寫作中,我們經常會用到 as mentioned above (如上所述,如上面所提及的)、as noted above (如上面所指出的)、as demonstrated above (如上所示)、as shown above (如上所示) 和 as stated above (如上所述,如前所述) 等片語來表示上文、上面或之前所提到的事物,但在這些片語中,不可使用 before 來代替 above。例如:
As stated above, there is no shortcut for learning English grammar. (如上所述,學習英文文法沒有捷徑) (正) As stated before, there is no shortcut for learning English grammar. (誤)As noted above, the government lacks efficiency. (如上面所指出的,這個政府缺乏效率) (正) As noted before, the government lacks efficiency. (誤)Before 用作介系詞時意為「在…之前 (earlier than);在…前面 (in front of)」,其後最常接名詞片語來表示在 (某個時間點、事件或行動) 之前、在 (某地點) 前面、在 (某人或某物) 面前、(在列表或一系列物件中) 在…之前。例如:
I regularly go for a run before breakfast. (我經常在早餐前跑步)She got there before me. (她比我先到那裡)Turn right about a kilometer before the railway station. (在火車站前約一公里處右轉)A few miles before the border the refugees were stopped at an army checkpoint. (難民在距離邊界數英里的一個軍事檢查哨被攔了下來)Before the library stood a bronze statue of Chiang Kai-shek. (圖書館前矗立一尊蔣介石銅像)John stood up before all his colleagues and asked Mary to marry him. (約翰在所有同事面前站起來向瑪麗求婚)The letter U comes before V in the English alphabet. (在英文字母表中,U 排在 V 前面)His name comes before mine on the list. (名單上他的名字排在我的前面) Before 意為 in front of 是一種比較正式的用法,經常後接受格代名詞來表示在某人「前面」的一段時間,但這段時間可能是過去的時間,也可能是未來的時間。例如:
We have the whole weekend before us – what do you want to do? (我們有整個週末的時間 - 你想做些什麼?)Kevin was fifteen years old. He had his whole life before him. (凱文得年 15 歲。這就是他身前的整個人生)Brian became a lawyer, like his father before him. (布萊恩克紹箕裘,當了律師)Before 後接動名詞的結構也頗為常見,這也是一種比較正式的用法。例如:
Before leaving Tom said goodbye to each of us. (湯姆離開前向我們每個人說再見) - 比 Before he left, Tom said goodbye to each of us. 更正式。You should seek legal advice before signing anything. (在簽字之前,你應該徵詢法律專家的意見) - 比 You should seek legal advice before you sign anything. 更正式。Before, by, till/until
Before、by 和 till/until 後接某個時間點都是相當常見的結構。然而,由於 before 和 by 的中文意思都是「在 (某個時間點) 之前」,因此不少人誤以為它們是同義詞,非也!它們所表示的時間含意並不相同。同樣地,till/until 也有「在 (某個時間點) 之前」的意思,但它所表示的是「(做某事) 直到 (某個時間點)」。例如:
I have to get to the airport before five o’clock. (我必須在 5 點之前到機場) - 這句的含意是:5 點到機場就太遲了,必須在 5 點之前到達。 I have to get to the airport by five o’clock. (我必須在 5 點之前到機場) - 這句的含意是:最遲 5 點必須到機場,5 點是我到機場的最晚時間。It must be done before next Friday. (這件事必須在下週五之前完成) - 這句的含意是:下週五完成就太遲了,必須在下週五之前完成。 It must be done by next Friday. (這件事必須在下週五之前完成) - 這句的含意是:最遲在下週五必須完成,下週五是完成這件事的最晚時間。I’ll be out of the office till/until 10th October. (10 月 10 日之前我都不在辦公室) - 這句的含意是:10 月 10 日當天我就會在辦公室。 - 這句可視為 not…until 的變形,意為「直到 (某個時間點) (才做某事)」。所以,這句的意思相當於「我要到 10 月 10 日才會在辦公室」。 They’ll stay in Taipei till/until Monday. (他們會在台北一直待到星期一) - 這句的含意是:他們最晚會在台北待到星期一,星期一過後他們就不在台北了。分享並推薦本文: 分享到 LINE(在新視窗中開啟) LINE 按一下以分享至 Facebook(在新視窗中開啟) Facebook 按一下即可分享至 X(在新視窗中開啟) X 延伸閱讀:「如上所述」、「如前所述」是 as stated above,不是 as stated beforeTill the cows come homeOpposite 還是 in front of 呢?Need 的用法Prefer 的用法Reason 的用法